Wednesday 11th September 2024
Print News
L/O: To explore Printed news and the theoretical framework.
Do now:
Theoretical framework : LIAR
1 - Media Industries
2 - Media representation
3 - Media language
4 - Media audience?
5- historical, political?, social, cultural, economic
Audience: Targeted
Examples:
Layout- Bold headlines mainly in the middle or at the bottom.Lots of text if its a broadsheet, less text if tabloid. Mast head always at the top. Images always included.
Text- Sans serif font for the Headline very few with serif font. If its a tabloid its informal language, if its a broadsheet its more formal and has more information. The tabloids are more related to celebs and mockery of politicians. Broadsheets are more informative.
Images- Tabloids got one massive photo with 1-2 more. Colourful stands out more.
Main colours yellow/red/ white and black.
Tabloid - a newspaper about half the page size of an ordinary newspaper containing short often sensational news stories and many photographs. (smaller and more gossipy) Red Masthead, lots of images, little text, Puns. (The Sun, The Daily Mail)
Mid market Tabloid- A middle-market newspaper caters to a readership base inclined to be informed on entertainment trends as well as coverage of major news events. (Both gossipy but at the same time informative) Not enough images for a tabloid and not enough text for a broadsheet. The masthead is similar to one of broadsheet. (Daily express, The daily mail)
Broadsheet- a newspaper that is printed on large sheets of paper, or an advertisement printed on a large sheet of paper ( more informative less colourful) Serious political, they used to be really big pages but it became smaller since its cheaper, fewer images a lot of text. Serious Political News. (The Guardian, The Times, The Daily Telegraphy.)
Print News: Purpose and Process
L/O: To explore the purpose and process of the printed news industry
Do Now:
- Tabloid- more images little text, gossipy, smaller than a broadsheet (The Sun)
- mid Tabloid- not enough text to be broadsheet and not enough images for tabloid, mixture of news from both tabloid and broadsheet (Daily Mail)
- broadsheet- talks about serious news, a lot of text little images, bigger than tabloid (Guardian)
- Signs theory is Barthes (Semiology)
- Genre theory is Neale
What is the purpose of News?
- To inform/ educate and entertain.
Mid market tabloid is a mix of both tabloid and broadsheet so Neale applies to this since its a hybrid of genre.
Production:
Expensive to produce
Require highly trained staff to employ.
How technology changed the traditional approach:
Printed in colour
Satelite and internet
Distribution:
Expensive to physically transport
They are physically transported
Need to be outlet from early morning
How to lessen this cost:
Printed locally
Online can be global and cheaper
Free papers - e.g The Metro
Marketing:
Big stands in public
Advertising on Tv, social media, sister papers.
Exclusives
Synergy deals with other companies (if you buy the papers, to get cheap holidays)
Circulation:
Number of copies distributed, not sold
Ownership:
Daily mail owner- Jonathan Harmsworth 4th Viscount Rothermere or DMGT (Rupert Murdoch)
The Guardian owner- Scott Trust
Ownership model-
Exam will be on the daily mail and Guardian.
Trusts are supposed to make it less biased
The same message/ values are shared in three different ways (tabloid, mid tabloid, broadsheet)
60% of the news are controlled by 2 companies. News UK & DMG Media (currant and seaton theory)
Economic models and Funding:
How newspapers make money- sales, subscriptions, sponsership, advertising(ads), pay pal, membership, reader donations
what problem is the newspaper industry facing- physical newspapers don't sell as much since online news don't cost money. Also people prefer online news, not as popular, fake news on social media
How are they tackling this- cutting costs, going online
Technological developments:
Since 1980s rapid development of hardware and printing technologies developed
1980s: Computers, printers and DTP programs
Effect on owners and audience- easier to design documents for print and distribution, also easier mass production. they can also work from home, the owners control productiong and distribution.
Audience have power to create their own print media more easily but not distribute
1990s: The Internet
Effect on owners and audience- Growing availability of information leads to greater competition for owners.
Audiences have more control of information they receive from a greater range of sources no cost
2000s:Broadband, Web2.0, smartphones/ tablets, HD digital cameras, Apps
Effect on owners and audience- Owners no longer in control of production and distribution of news. Owners no longer in control of info circulated.
Audience able to create, share and distribute own news. They can also access information anywhere!
Wednesday 18th September 2024
Print News- News Values
L/O: To explore the news values of printed news
Do Now:
- Johnathan/ DMG
- Scott Trust
- ownership model- Trusts
- ownership model- Cross media converged conglomerates
- political, cultural, social, historical, economic
News Gathering:
Barthes:
With the lexis of the headlines show that one represents him as powerful and supporting which put Boris in a good light and the other cover shows him as desperate and clinging to power which puts him in a bad light and shows how hes falling and coming to the end of his politician life. This shows that the ideologies is that his white, powerful, he was born with money. This makes the myth of how its not a c
Gatekeeping:
The editors are responsible for filtering.
Editors can practise protective coverage:
-withholding information on the grounds it would be harmful to the public, powerful people or impede a legal investigation.
News Values:
Guidelines used to identify which news is considered to be most valuable, appealing and newsworthy for audiences.
- Indicates that the news is a socially constructed product.
12 of most significant news are:
1. Frequency with Russia and Ukraine war
12.
1. 7. The news about Israels and the exploding its a continuity and frequency.
5. 12. The news are negative and it also consonance which shows the agreement between opinions or actions.
Thursday 19th September 2024
Print News- Political Bias
L/O: To explore the political bias of printed news.
Do Now:
- Press Agency- They report facts from when major events happen without judgement. (it sells news (facts) to the newspapers)
- Frequency
- Negativity
- Trusts
- Historical, economic, social, politics, cultural
Political Bias
Free Press- a news industry where it isn't regulated or censored by the government in values or beliefs.
The Fourth Estate- news a role in safeguarding the public from decisions made by the wealthy/ politicians which could influence policy or outcomes.
labour is left wing however the daily mail is right wing and this can be seen with the lexis used.
We have a more promombenent right wing.
Homogenous - similar, singular and undistinguishable.
which means that news are reported in a similar way and reinforce a singular view about our society
Plurality - More than one viewpoint is maintained in the news, that owners cant reduce the plurality.
DAILY MAIL- right
lexis and language used to make him more powerful and important ' firing' shows he has the power to fire people. Repetition
the guardian - left
Insulting the conservative party, gender equality and recognising success of the female football team.
Levi Strauss binary opposition
How is political allegiance evident in the newspaper front covers?
Political allegiance can be seen in the daily mirror we can see that they are against her and not taking her seriously, which can be see with both the picture and the language used. ' Don't condemn Britain ...' the lexis used show that they have strong opinions against being further lied to, and don't want empty promises. We can see that Daily mirror is left wing since they are insulting the conservative party. The image is a close up of her face mid talk which is unappealing and its harder to take seriously which further shows that the Daily Mirror doesn't respect her.
Whereas the daily mail is supporting her which can be seen in the image, with the low angle shot that shows she's important but as well as the signs behind her representing fans. The lexis used ' lets reignite British spirit' shows that they believe she can change Britain and bring it back. We can also see that The Daily Mail is right wing since it supports Brexit and helping boosts their votes.
These two covers shows the Binary opposition that happens in newspapers about the politics all the time and how each newspapers side with one side or the other. Levi Strauss can apply to this, since one cover is clearly insulting Theresa May and the other one is supporting her and what she's saying.
Barthes can also apply to this since the lexis on the first cover shows that she is telling lies this connotes to how the audience is angry with being lied to all the time, and the bold san serif emphases the emotions of anger. This creates the myths of un trusting politicians which links with the image and them making her look unappealing. While the other cover shows the support and beliefs in her. The image is more powerful with the low angle shot, but also the people in the back holding up positive signs.
Wednesday 25th September 2024
Print News: Regulation
L/O:To explore issues of regulation of printed news.
Do Now:
- historical context- events that happened around the time of production that influenced the production?/ historical context thru intertextual references,
- political context- political events that happened at the time of production
- economic context- to do with money/ commercial vs public service, ownership and budget
- social context- social issues and society
- cultural context- relevant to culture at the time and what culture its set in.
what is regulation?
a group of people regulating news so that the public is safe and unharmful and to keep news companies in line and not give out fake news?
regulation of the news
- keeping harmful news limited. (graphic content/ images)
- keeping people safe (hidden identies)
- too much political power and influence over the British public, which reduced freedom of speech,
Against regulation
- if the news are too offensive and graphic it doesn't get published (wars and graphic images of shootings)
Regulation is concerned about:
- news content and information printed by the press
- ownership and competition laws (20/20 rule prevents companies to own more than 20% or more from controlling licences to provide ITV or C5 Tv news.)
The British press is self regulated ( of news)
Punitive rather than preventative- they get punished rather than getting a warning when they do something wrong.
Legislation is law
Two new regulation bodies
IMPRESs - independent monitor for the press
IPSO- Independent Press Standards Organisation regulates Daily Mail and its funded by the Daily Mail.
Role in:
-Hold newspapers to account
- Protects the right of the individual
-upholds standards of journalism
-maintains freedom of expression for the press.
IMPRESS:
Ownership and Competition laws:
-regulated by the communication act 2004
-The enterprise act enables discretional intervention by the gov if a cross-media merger raises plurality concerns
-OFCOM recommended reviews of mergers between cross media companies and news owners in the UK every 4/5 yrs
Curran and Seaton - Ownership and control
media industries aim to increase concentration of ownership which leads to narrow opinions
- Profit at the expense of creativity/ quality
- the impact of the internet on the ownership of news is nominal and it is still controlled by a small group of people who got control
Hesmondhalgh- talks about risks and losing profit
-production is owned and controlled by a few conglomerates
- risk is seen in terms of loss of money. Risk high = production costs high
- use of repetition to minimise risk and cover failure.
Livingstone and Lunt- regulation
- citizens are social, seek public/ social benefits form the media and require regulation to promote public interest. Regulations to protect them
- Traditional regulation is put at risk by the increase of globalised media industries
Thursday 26th September 2024
Regulation and Theory
L/O: To explore theories of regulation of the printed news.
Do Now:
- IPSO
- IMPRESS
- The Leveson Inquiry
- Barthes- semiology the study of signs with connotations and denotation
- Daily Mail is conservative(right) and the guardian is labour(left)
Daily mail fits better with curran and seatons theory of ownership and wanting to own more.
We can see the impact mentioned in newspaper by having controlled laws about how much they can own to keep that plurality, regulation to prevent one company taking over.
hesmondhalgh trending news as well as celebrity gossip which is popular rather than important news, which shows profit is more importatn.
We see a repetition in newspapers a lot with their style.
Curran & Seaton:
Daily mail print:
-Historical ownership of paper by Rothermere family which repeats ownership patterns
- Share of DMG reinforces right wing political agenda in the currant market
- News values support populist reporting that relies on sensatinalised or personalised stories
Daily mail online:
- increase of income of 93mil in 2017, this was mainly due to celebrity and entertainment
- Through the mail online DMGT has become the UKs leading news outlet
The guardian print:
- Ownershi by Scott Trust ensures ownership and control do not affect hournalistic values
- Aims to provide a voice for different persepctives, alternative to narrowed opinions
- Aim to guard agaisnt commercial pressure through trust format. Changes in format and move online shows need to adapt to survive.
The Guardian online:
-Internet has allowed the guardian to increase market share of the news indusry so it is a different political voice to the conservatives.
- GMG need to make a profit to survive the Scott trust seprate the journalism arm from the commercial arm.
Hesmondhalgh:
Daily mail print:
- DMGT as parent company to DMG allows Rothermere family to interfrate a number of outlets which recuses cometition.
- Increasing digital outlets and reducing printing plants helps reduce risk
Daily mail online:
- global distribution and circulation extending DMGTs reach.
- Production costs are low and advertising revenue is high which means very low risk.
The Guardian print:
- Struggling against competitive market dominated by a few global conglomerates. Circulation dropped in 2018
- Developing digital outlets, moving to compact format and identifying other revenue streams helps reduce risk.
The Guardian online:
- Their news can be acceseed and has increased their share in the market.
- Risk is lower as they cost is lower to produce. which made 50% income to GMG in 2017
Livingstone and Lunt:
Daily mail print:
-Member of IPSO. 17 cases brought against them in respect of claims of inaccuracy, invasion of privacy .. in one year.
Daily mail online:
- The amount of entertainment gossip driven news lead to individuals needing protection
- has more than twice the companies against them that the news paper. Online news is therefore less rigious in adhering to codes of product than print. Cant be regulated.
The guardian print:
- Self regulated as perceives both regulatory bodies being unthical and ineffective. The will protect for example whistle blowers and runt he stories if in the public interest.
The Guardian online:
Seld regulates, the readers editor deals with all the complains subject to a criteria, however with 140 mil readers its a difficult task.
Exam question:
Evaluate the effectiveness of one of the following theories in understanding regulation in news.
Curran and Seaton talks about ownership and control within the media industry. Mentions how companies aim to own as much as they can which can lead to a narrowing of opinions and ideologies.
This theory is very effective for The Daily Mail since they own majority of the news in the UK. Most the news have right winged viewpoints due to how much the Rothermere family own. It links with regulation since there is regulations about how much a conglomerate can own for the news, which prevents the company form owning more than 20%. However it isn't as effective with The Guardian since they own a small percentage of the news and is owned by Trusts which their control do not affect journalistic values. They are self regulated, so that they are not under anyone which allows the freedom of not having biased opinions.
Since having a lot of ownership and control can lead to narrowed values it can be seen in the Daily Mail, they repeat the same values and ideologies on a larger scale. Even bigger scale online since it is harder to regulate news on there. However this doesn't apply to the Guardian since they give a voice to people which create a variety of different perspectives.
T: You need to cover the other points that C&S state and apply each of these different points to both texts to evaluate the theory.
Wednesday 2nd October 2024
Print News - Economic Factors
L/O:To explore the economic factors which influence print news.
Do Now:
- Power and Control profit over creativity of quality
- About how the higher the risk the higher the cost, risk is a loss of money
- Regulation and how its set in place to protect people/ public
- Leveson Inquiry
- IMPRESS, IPSO
10 marks= 17 mins
Q3 talks about one of the contexts
Key Words- economic context, commercial and non profit, distribution of newspaper.
-circulation/sales down
-commercial and non profit (dm and G)
-advertising, subsctiption, paywall
-online transition due to sales
-change of sizing and factory take down to reduce distribution costs (saving money)
-ownership
-statistics
TA - right and left wing and politics
The economic context for Newspapers vary, firstly if they are commercial and non profit newspapers. Since the Daily Mail is commercial, they care more about profit than the quality of the news. They have more adverts in their newspaper which is where they get most heir money from, since the costs is between 3000- 3mil pounds. And since they own 25% of the news, which makes them one of the biggest market share, which shows how they have a lot of profit.
However, the Guardian is non profit which mean that if they do get profit it goes back into the distribution and not to the shareholders. They focus more on journalism than to make profit, since its owned by the Trusts, they care more about their quality than profit. They also do advertising however, the costs for it is much smaller since they own less of the market share (2.8%) so, that is not how they get most their money from. This links to distribution of newspapers because the Ruthermere family own most the news which means they have bigger distributions of their news whereas, the Guardian owns a smaller percentage of the news which means they got a smaller distribution, though for their audience it makes sense since their audience is more sophisticated.
Since the circulations went down for Newspapers, they all transitioned to online news. For the Daily mail this helped increase the advertising in their online news, which meant even more profit. And when the circulation went down to save money they got rid of one of their factories. Them going online has been extremely successful with 7.7mil online readers and 22.7 mill mobile readers. Whereas the Guardian also went online and this helped them be on nearly equal online presence as the Daily mail with 15.8 mobile and 7.8 desktop. This affected the distribution of newspapers, since they don't have to pay a lot of money to publish the news online. So economically traditional distribution has gotten more expensive with the prices going up, and since newspapers distribution went down so income went down this means that they had to change their distribution methods. Since it has become really successful online that means that they can still afford the traditional distribution for the audience that still reads newspapers that way. When the circulation went down their response to save money was to make the paper sizing from a broadsheet to a tabloid which helped reduce the costs. Online their main income is from donations as well as subscriptions. But both of these newspapers have increased their prices for the Newspapers to contrast the decrease in sales.
Lv 2 mark 5
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Thursday 3rd October 2024
Case Studies
L/O: To investigate the ownership, funding, regulation, values & ideologies of the set products. To apply critical theory to the set texts.
Do Now:
- commercial funding- aim to make profit
- non profit funding- aim is journalism not profit
- daily mail is funded through advertising and DMGT
- guardian is funded through Scott Trust
- economic context
Ownership and Funding:
Daily Mail:
history of paper- 1896 it was founded and in 1922 was founded for the newspaper
the owners and funding model used- mainly founded
circulation figures- 733 thousand last year
advertising costs-
sales figures (last 5yrs)- 1mill sales in 2020 and now just a bit over 700,000
alternative revenue options-
online options- revenue-
changes last 10yrs-
distribution-
price-
format-
effect on circulation and audiences-
The Guardian:
History of paper-
the trusts funding model used- mainly funded by readers
circulation figures-
advertising costs- 18 thousands full page, 11,000 half page
sales figures last 5 yrs-
alternative revenue options-
online revenure options-
changes last 10 yrs:
distribuion-
price-
format- became smaller size
effect on circulation and audiences-
Wednesday 9th October 2024
Case Studies
L/O:To research the ownership, funding, regulation, values and ideologies of the set products.
Do Now:
- ownership model DM- Conglomerate- DMGT
- ownership model G- Scott Trusts
- reduce production cost by reducing size and increasing prices
- online option for newspapers- mobile, tablet and desktop
- 7.7 mil readers online Daily Mail
Daily Mail
mission statement/principle-
news values it prioritises-
political bias (previously/now)- right wing
ideologies -
reporting style- informal doesn't take things seriously
regulation body- Ipso
recent complains-
The Guardian:
mission statement/principle-
news values it prioritises-
political bias (previously/now)- left wing
ideologies -
reporting style- more sophisticated and formal.
regulation body- self regulates/ trust
recent complains-
------------------------------
Daily Mail:
Ownership-
Ruthermere family
Funding and revenue-
Funding through subscriptions but also advertisement which their main funding.
Tech Development-
QR code to support funding, email address for any complains.
News values and bias-
Right wing through the language.
Regulation-
IMPSO, writing clarifications/ corrections in a little box with their email if anyone got any thing to complain about.
The Guardian:
Ownership- Scott Trust
Funding and revenue-
subscriptions, the prices are lower since they read more often and are already giving money to the guardian. Whereas the normal price is bigger due to the readers not buying it as often.
Tech Development-
QR code to the online news in the newspaper
News values and bias-
Left wing, political
Regulation-
Trusts, self regulation, correction on the numbers 10 not 12, shows that they pay attention to the very . Underneath letters.
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Thursday 10rd October 2024
Case Study and Industry Theory
L/O:To explore how industry theory can be applied to the ownership, funding and regulation in the set products.
Do Now:
- market share DM- 25%
- market share G- 2.8%
- news value DM- negativity, threshold, personified, re to elite nation and people
- news value G- composition over negativity, personified
- IPSO regulates DM, G is readers editor
Q3: Explain how the cultural context of how the news is produced influences the content offered to audiences. 10marks
Cultural context of how the news is produced influence the content offered to the audience by increasing consumerism within online news to become more accepted. Curran and Seaton can be applied since they talk about capitalism and the aim to increase concentration of ownership which can be seen with the Ruthermere family and them owning 25% of news. This can lead to narrowing of opinions represented in the press, affecting plurality. However, the Guardian goes against this since they are not aiming for profit and they are not biased about their views and are very diverse with their news. With them having sophisticated audience this means they have a small market share. Since its a cultural preference for the audience to go online and since most of the audience is used to the adverts that pop up, its become a normality to see more marketing online than in public. It can be seen more with the Daily Mail than the Guardian, since its a middle market tabloid, and tabloids have a lot more adverts; the Guardian is a broadsheet which involves more news than adverts but they still have them, just on a smaller scale.
Another way it influences the audience is by featuring cultural events within the country that are important to the audience. Celebrities are one thing that gets mentioned in news a lot as well as football. Since football is part of the english culture both the Guardian and Daily mail would of mentioned any related news to do with them. Celebrity culture is very popular and its used a lot in tabloids, since Daily Mail is a mid market tabloid they will put celebrity gossip to get the audience. Whereas the Guardian will still include celebrities just not in the form of gossip since their audience is more sophisticated and are more unlikely to read the newspaper.
Curran and Seaton:
Daily Mail:
1. The historical ownership of the Daily Mail by the ruthermere family since 1896, shows the repeated ownership pattern.
2. We can see the reinforcement of right wing political agenda with the headline. As well as one of the smaller writing at the bottom which is complaining about Labours landmark employment reforms.
3.The personalised stories with the royal family and about their marriage, as well as the prime minister Starmer.
1. The ownership and control of the Trusts ensure that they do not affect journalist values.
2. We can see the different perspective with the different stories that are not linked to anything personalised but with a neutral perspective. This goes against C&S since it doesn't show a narrowing of perspective.
3. They change their format to make the broadsheet smaller and even moving online shows that they adapt to survive which goes against C&S to persure profit at the expense of creativity. The guardian does't aim to make profit since its a Trust.
Hesmondhalgh:
Daily mail
DMGT as parent cmpany to DMG Media allows Rothermere family to intergrate a number of outlets and sercies reducing competition.
1The interview with Ken McCallum shows that they are able to get in touch with the director of MI5. But also them being under DMGT shows the power they have. Since they moved online reduce printing plants help reduce risk.
The Guardian:
Has struggled to survice in a competitive market dominated by a few global conglomerates. Circluation dropped roughly 13% in 2018.
Developing digital outlets moving to compact format and identifying other revenue streams helps reduce risk.
Livingstone and lunt
daily mail:
Member of IPSO. 17 cases brought against them in respect of claims of inaccuracy, invasion of prIvacy and intrusion.
The Guardian:
Self regualtes
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Wednesday 16th October 2024
Target Audience
L/O: To investigate audiences of printed news and audience appeal.
Do Now:
- hesmondalgh
- curran and seaton
- livingstone and lunt
- cultural context- is context related to the culture of the place, the situation in the place and time of context
- Football for England, online news over printed news.
Daily Mail:
Demographic
62% are ABC1 (mostly C1) readers mainly female 59%, 47% average age 59
Psychometrics
loves traveling, saving money
hobbies/interest
doing things at home, relaxing
issues they would be aware of what they do with their disposable income
how they access media
stuff they like
mainstream
types of stories that would appeal to them
The Guardian:
Demographic
75% ABC readers female 50%
Psychometrics
resturant, travel
hobbies/interest
Gardening, exploring, reforms and succedeers
issues they would be aware of what they do with their disposable income
how they access media
stuff they like
technology, home and gardening, embrace technology and change
types of stories that would appeal to them
Content and Appeal
Power elite with the headline and Russia, Bad news with the lexis 'Plotting' shows something bad may happen. Relevant with the subheading and alcohol. Celebrity with Holly and Phil, its also entertainment with the lexis and how they worded it. Shows relevance for the people that follow them.
Mainheadline power elite with Israel which shows bad news, follow up news since it 'marks one year'. Fits the left wing agenda. Good news in the sky box. Power elite with Boris Johnson and the PM's and how they plan radical changed.
Thursday 17th October 2024
Target Audience
L/O: To explore audience theory. To apply audience theory to Newspaper examples.
Do Now:
- audience demographics- social grade to measure the audience
- audience psychometrics- lifestyle types of audience
- good news
- entertainment
- power elite
Bandura- they say that the audience is influenced directly, whaterver they see that what they do. This can happen indirectly or directly, platforms such as social media whereever were exposed to it or not.
Gerbner- the audience is influenced over a long period of time to being exposed to a certain genre which affects the audience physiologically. Repetition of negative media messages and values are likely to create 'mean world syndrome'.
Gerbner- the constant exposure to negative news about migrants will influence people that they are bad and out of control. The world 'crisis' is emphasising this out of control behaviour and the mistrust. This can also go with the migrants they might get affected over time with hate crimes and even discrimination.
Bandura- the taxes and how its affecting the lower people can influence mistrust with the politics.
Hall: encoding and decoding model
- Dominant reading- accept the preferrent meaning and ideological meaning.
- Negotiated reading- some of he decoded message is accepted but the audience disagrees with parts of it and so changes it to fit their experience and values.
- Oppositional reading- both the preferred meaning and any ideological assumptions encoded in the product are rejected.
dominant reading they need our help and sympathy, the lexis 'refugee' shows that they are fleeing their country because of war which further emphasises that they need help. Also the sad expression and how the camp looks from what little we see is that they are not in any better conditions really which triggers sympathy for the audience.
negotiated- they are supposedly safe being in a camp but they have to process refugees before they let in the country and the conditions are not that better but we cant just let them in. This can be seen with the wired fence and the black clothing.
Oppositional- they don't need our help and they are not refugees.
Gerbner- 'Labour' mistrust
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Wednesday 6th November 2024
Media Language
L/O:To explore the genre codes and conventions in print news.
Do Now:
- Bandura- influenced directly with the media, act onto what they see
- Gerbner- when the negative media affects the audience over time and incites fear and mistrust
- oppositional reading, dominant reading, negotiated reading
- Daily mail audience- right winged views, informal gossipy, older, female, ABC1
- Guardian audience- left winged views, sophisticated, male, ABC, older, serious news, cultural, equality and ebrace change and technology
T: You need to cover the other points that C&S state and apply each of these different points to both texts to evaluate the theory.
Q4:
Gerbner talks about how negative news can affect the audience over a period of time which creates a 'mean world syndrome'. Since it shapes peoples views over time which can lead to fear and mistrust. This can be seen with both the Guardian and The Daily Mail; in the Guardian which is supporting Kamala Harris shows how there is 'Hope... and fear' which links with how everyone had hope and faith in her and truly believed she will win the election but now theres fear since she lost and Trump is the president. This doesn't neccerely link with the negative news but the fact that the news of this happening and how Trump got a chance at winning shows how the left and right winged views play into this with the news. However with the Daily Mail it really shows the right winged views with how they only mention Trump, making him look like the 'good' guy with only accept the results if the election is 'fair'. This fits the mean world syndrome since it shows the mistrust within America and how a lot of people support Donald Trump and his right winged ideologies, this reflects onto the country. This shows the fear for the future and how this will affect the immigrants that live in America that will be mistrusted and also feared and visa versa with the Americans.
Media Language:
Codes: signs that create meaning. 2 sides
Technical- camerawork, shot type, layout, MES...
Symbolic- the meaning communicated through the technical elements
Conventions: The generally accepted way of doing things (expectations)
Size:
T- small
B- 2x larger
Lexis:
T- informal slang, alliteration, puns, swearing (stared out)
B- formal, detailed
Mode of Address:
T- direct address
B- formal
Headline Size:
T- very large takes the most of the page,
B- smaller, detailed
Image to text ratio:
T- more images, larger size, little text
B- much more text 9 columns plus
Barthes: denotations- connotations- myths- normalised
denotations is the signs
connotations is the meaning of the signs
these two create myths that develop into ideological meaning and help ideologies feel accepted and naturalised.
Daily mail:
den- mid shot trump in his red hat, wife in background smiling. (large image on MT)
con- male politician, red political party
myth- patriarchal society men leading politics, females support
natural belief- men are leaders and need female support
Guardian:
den- mid shot, focus on her on the phone on her own, large (goes against convention, shows the severity of the news 4 columns)
con- positive, smiling, received good news, independent
myth- confident, independent woman succeed in politics follows the G values
natural belief- woman in leadership roles.
soft news- gossip, nothing political or war related, entertainment ( DM
hard news- serious political, wars, and other issues in the world, natural disasters (G)
Thursday 7th November 2024
L/O:
Do Now:
- tabloid newspaper- gossipy news, mainly images less text, small, informal
- broadsheet newspaper- serious news, double size newspaper, less images and a lot of text
- tech elements- camerawork, shot type, layout, MES ...
- symbolic elements- the meaning created through the technical elements
- Neale's theory talks about genre and how its repeated but also can make hybrids.
Tabloidisation:
Broadsheet have turned into tabloids
Dual convergence is when
Thursday 14th November 2024
Case studies and media language
L/O: To analyse the impact of media language and codes and conventions in set products.
Do Now:
- newspaper puff- its the sticker
- newspaper stand first- the first paragraph
- skybox- its the large section at the top in a box
- masthead- is the title of the newspaper
- main headline- its the title of the main news in big text.
The Daily Mail
The daily mail hybridises their news by having political hard news but then turning them into soft news with the lexis in the headline 'The Pomp'. Which makes fun of the meaning between two political heads and the queen. Neal applies to this since he talks about the hybrids between two genres, and the Daily Mail being a mid market tabloid is a hybrid between a broadsheet and a tabloid which can be seen with the hard news but then the layout looks like a Tabloid with the text to image ratio.
example
Masthead- genre follows broadsheet serif font logo in the middle shield and crown lion and unicorn british traditional values, black and white. View and ideology- traditional, images show historical british values vie crown monarchy part of British shows a trusted reliable newspaper,
Analyse how this cover uses ML to show genre, viewpoints and ideologies.
The headline is in a serif font which follows traditional broadsheet codes. The lexis used is similar to a tabloids with the wording making it more soft news even though its talking about the economy which can be hard news. This shows that the viewpoints and ideologies of the audience care about how the economy works and has a political interest.
The masthead follows broadsheet codes as well with the serif font and in the middle the logo with the shield and crown with a lion and unicorn which shows the traditional values of Britain, also the fact that the colour is black shows its the same as a broadsheet. The viewpoints and ideologies are shown in the image with the queen and king and the monarchy part of British values shows that its a trusted reliable newspaper.
Levi Strauss: Structuralism
Binary opposition (left/right, lower/upper class)- myths and ideologies- place in it
The Guardian
liberal- willing to respect or accept behaviour or opinions different from one's own; open to new ideas.
The Masthead follows a broadsheet and follows the tradition of sans serif font. The block colour follows more tabloid style and the skybox, however the blue colour contrasts to a tabloid since its liberal political side. The white and blue shows the progress and more modern age of colour which links to modern liberal views with more equality. Viewpoints and ideologies with the font being traditional shows that the news are trustworthy and reliable, based on the 4th estate. The colour however is not tradition which further reflect the liberal viewpoints.
The image shows the king of Spain in a low angle shot being attacked and the text supporting the image ' You've abandoned us' shows how the Spanish people felt when the government didn't do better in this situation with the flood, which ended up taking 200 lives. This shows the viewpoints and ideologies of the guardian since they stick up for the people, and this shows that they also think that the government could of done better to prevent that many deaths during the flood.
_________________________________________________
Wednesday 20th November 2024
Media Language Q2 Practise
L/O: To analyse the use of media language and codes and conventions in set products.
Do Now:
- technical element ML- camera work
- symbolic element ML- ideologies created through the codes and conventions
- C&C of the newspapers genres:
-Tabloid- more images, soft news, gossipy
-Mid market- hard news delivered as soft news, looks similar to tabloid layout
-Broadsheet- hard news, a lot of text, few pictures
- Baudrillard- hyperreality, simulacra
- Baudrillard- post modernism and simulation
Baudrillard: Postmodernism
- Post modern society
- society is organised around 'simulations'
- hyperreality (e.g. theme parks) which controls how we think and behave
summery:
Baudrillard- post modern images and signs- social distinctions aren't important creating identities- hyperrealities and simulations and simulacra ( hyperreality cant tell difference)
mid market tabloid whats the difference
The Mirror:
red top masthead. Ideologies sans serif font casual and modernity, iconic of the tabloid genre.
Image- colour saturation and mise en scene, insert of second image, statue of liberty crying showing a dark turn for America.
Headline- ideologies less traditional and looking more for change, tabloid is not hard news but they became very left, the lexis with the rhetorical question which is a tabloid feature (pun)
Daily Mail:
masthead black and white and the logo got shield, lion. Ideologies traditional concervative British, patriotic and historical.
headline- pun and supporting,
Question 2 answer:
The conventions of different newspaper covers differ between a Tabloid and Broadsheet, since a tabloid is know for the red top masthead whereas a broadsheet is known for a scribed and sophisticated masthead. A mid market takes the conventions of a broadsheet with the mast head and the hard news topics however turns them into a tabloid using the layout with the image to text ratio and also the hard news turning into soft news. The mast head of the Daily Mail has that sophisticated font with a logo in the middle that has a shield and a lion on it showing traditional and conservative British ideologies. Whereas the Mirror has a more iconic and modern sans serif font masthead that fits with the tabloids conventions.
The text to image ratio on the Daily Mirror has more images than text and also the lexis used in the main cover line with the rhetorical question fits the tabloids conventions a lot. However, what doesn't fit with the conventions is the hard political news with the strong left ideologies, since tabloids are more soft and gossipy news that are mocking celebrities and political parties, which can be seen with the image being more saturated to mock Trump. The supporting image with another cover of the Mirror from back in 2016 where it shows the statue of liberty with teh same headline of "what have they done" the use of repeptition of the covers shows that America is doing the same mistake it did years ago. Having the statue of liberty hiding her face in shame shows that it was a dark day for America. Whereas, the Daily Mail with the same image but desaturated to make Trump less orange, the headline and cover lines are supporting him. The pun used of 'thumping win' shows that there wasn't any competition. The right winged ideologies can be clearly seen with the lexis in the cover lines but also the mocking of the liberal parties " liberals in U.S. and Britain left bewildered and tearful' this shows that there isn't going to be any change anytime soon for the Liberal party.
Its clear to see that media conventions have been used in these covers to show both left and right winged ideologies and viewpoints.
__________________________________________
Wednesday 27th November 2024
Print News: Representation
L/O: To explore the constructions of representations in papers and the impact of contexts on these representations.
Do Now:
- structure for Q2- use the bulletpoints in the question
- post modernism- Baudrillards theory
- hyperreality means when a simulation is more real than the real
- simulacra is a copy of the real that is indistinguishable from real
- genre and newspaper- the type, broadsheet, and mid market
its a theory:
Dominant group- this group has the most power in the society. Not necessarily the largest group but they tend to hold social, political and economical power.
Characteristics:
middle age, male, middle class, white, capitalist, christian, heterosexual, able bodies, western and university educated.
Dominant ideology: the social experience, values and beliefs of the dominant group.
- The dominant group have access to power and a means of communication, they have control and influence over the way other social groups are seen and understood.
- Individuals who do not fit characteristics of the DG would be classed as being a subordinate group. However a white British working woman would fall into the dominant ethnic group but the subordinate class and gender group.
- the dominant group tends to include those who construct the representations in news content.
- the representation of other social groups, positively or negative, helps to maintain the social position of the dominant group.
The woman at the top fits with the characteristics of the dominant group, but she still doesnt hold that power that they have. The other woman fits the characteristics but she is represented more pitifully and with symphony due to the title.
Context:
Ownership:
- media barbons- they decide what they want to say and put on their news
- journalists- they have a reputation and their own views
Economic factor:
- capitalist- want to make money so what ever is popular
- newspaper genre
News values and political bias:
- genre
- target audience- the target audience would have the same views as the newspaper which would mean that the representations would need to align
- political agenda- this links with the audience since whatever their political views are aligned with the paper that means that the representations of that political party would as well. If it was a negative or positive it would need to appeal to their TA.
Regulation:
- free press
- self regulation
Selection:
Representations occus as a result of selections(gatekeeping) and combination (the way features are selected and combines)
Gatekeeping will depend on the appeal of the TA and how the stories can reflect particular political or viewpoints.
This process of selection also includes the act of de-selection.
Combination:
number of stories:4 the issues covered: Israel and Hezbollah war, NHS warning with inhalers, Vauxhall and jobs, EV targets. Social groups represented: DG with the prince of Wales, middle east being at war, disabilities with asthma, positive representations with the asthma, positive with the war since it shows that the war will end between the two. Absent sexuality.
Thursday 28th November 2024
Print News: Representation and theory
L/O:To explore the use of stereotypes in representations in paper and then explore relevant representation theory.
Do Now:
- dominant group is the group that has most power in society.male, middle age
- ownership, economic, news values and bias and regulation
- Gatekeeping information which is filtered for discrimination, selection or de selection
- viewpoints and ideologies- beliefs which are promoted through news
- Codes and conventions- the expectations of content and layout
Stereotypes:
Age- mixture of ages
Gender- mixture, more woman which the representations vary depending on their status. The supporting of the celeb shows the stereotypes of woman being supportive mainly mothers.
Ethnicity- One Egyptian, common stereotype is that white people are represented more in the news, he goes against stereotypes
Disability- none, shows that they are the subordinate to the DG
Class- middle class, stereotypes with the car cassual clothes. higher class with Fayed represented as bad, working class isn't present, the only existance is being vulnerable
Age- younger, absence of old peopleGender- Mixture but more woman,
Ethnicity- mixture, one Egyptian and Israel, focusing on the subordinate group with positive light of happy faces not part of the DG, Fayed isnt positively represented which is in the DG,
Disability- none that are represented.
Class- upper class, political party, middle class in the sky box. No working class present
Age- middle age which fits the dominant group, no youth or elderly Gender- mix however the focus is on the woman, common stereotypes don't apply since the woman has the power. For how shes represented is quite possitive. The husband is taking care of his wife, possitive he is putting his family first. In the sky box the dad isn't working which is represented negatively. He can be a caring husband but not a stay at home dad, only a stay at home mother
Ethnicity- White,
Disability-
Realism:
Constructive realism is the way which a media product uses the technical elements of media language to create a product that looks real but is:
- a version of reality
- constructed through a series of choices made by the editor/ journalist
Audiences tend to accept these versions as real
Hall: representation meaning is created by a representation, but it isn't just by what is presented but also whats absent and different; stereotypes and how they are constructed should be deconstructed to identify what they tell us about ideology.
Representations may intend to fix meanings in a 'preferred reading', but audiences can contest meanings.
apply:
- can apply to any media product, including news
- mainly headlines which try to fix the meaning of a representation, both the copy and photos
- draws attention to power in representation- both general distribution of power in society and newspaper as an institution
limits:
nothing specific to news, general theory
Hall- representation- present and absent- stereotypes with meaning and ideologies- 'preferred meaning' can be deconstructed.
___________________________________________
Wednesday 11th December 2024
Representations and Case Studies
L/O: To analyse the constructions of representations in case studies and the impact of contexts on these representations.
Do Now:
- Bell Hooks- femininity intersectionality
- CAGED stands for- Class, Age, Gender, Ethnicity, Disability
- Hall's theory- representation through what is present and what is absent
- Gauntlett- identity in the media isn't fixed
- Van Zoonen- objectified woman and Masc and fem are created through performance
Industry Context: Daily Mail
traditional perspective to reinforce the conservative values
mid market tabloid focuses on reporting national current affairs alongside
- Demonsies Russia they are pointing fingers at people ralso Syria, this is causing imigration crisis in UK and Europe
- The lexis fled shows cowardice about Bashar al-Assad since rebel forces have swept Damascus
- representations of woman is that they need to be looked after, the MPs are mostly male which show a positive representation of the dominant group.
- right winged political ideoligy with the NHS dont make money so they are funded, when there isn't a capitalist. Stands up for woman
- Prozac is an antidepressent which shows that this woman has been suffering
- The 'hot assassin' story shows that woman are blinded to what he did which shows a negative representations about woman being fooled.
Analysis Task:
How are the events, issues, individuals and social groups represented?
- individuals are being represented as oppressed with the woman being seen vulnerable and victims. The MPs which are mostly men are saying that gynaecology care crisis with the GPs put the dominant group in a positive light and caring for the little people. Also the story with the Prozac antidepressant represents woman as vulnerable since she has been on the medication for 25 years.
Another way individuals are represented is with the Christmas holiday with the drinking which puts the stereotypes with woman and wine but also the British traditions of drinking a lot during holidays.
- issues are being represented are with the Syria incident and the prisoners that if they escaped they will pose' a chronic threat'
Realism- the presentation of something as if it were real and what we would expect to see in real life.
Butler: Gender Performativity
- gender is created from of performance of gender roles
- gender roles is repetition and ritual that becomes naturalised within the body
- feminity and masculinity exxludes other forms of gender and sexuality this creates gender trouble for those that don't fit the heterosexual norms
- nothing specific to newspapers as it is a very high level theory of gender
Butler- gender and gender roles- repetition becomes naturalised- gender trouble for heterosexual norms- exclusion of other forms and sexuality
Gilroy: Ethnicity and post colonialism
- black atlantic which black cultures blend elements of different African, American, European cultures.
- post colonialism (loss of the British Empire also other empires) (post colonialism is ignored and idealised representation of colonialism) still influences attitudes to ethnicity with an assumption of the superiority of white western culture
- criminalises of immigrants in the media
- prioritising race and the post colonial experience the theory may not aid analysis in other inequality in representation in newspaper
Butler applies since the hot assassin since the normalised
Gilroy applies since Syria since they are being weary of them since there is a civil war going on which will probably mean that refugees will come into the UK and Europe.
Thursday 12th December 2024
Representation and Case Studies
L/O: To analyse the constructions of representations in case studies and the impact of contexts on these representations.
Do Now:
- rep in the DM- dominant group in a positive view /sensational personal emotive journalism
- rep in the DM- bad views on immigration/ negative rep of minority groups or absence of these groups
- rep in the DM- Traditional values of Britain
- Butler theory- how the repetition of performance of the gender roles becomes normalised, which can cause gender troubles (Gender Performativity )
- Gilroy theory- ethnicity and post colonialism/ criminalising immigrants and the black Atlantic
The guardian mainly hires the dominant group
objective representations mean- opinion based, both sides, positive rep on DG, minority groups represented. ( not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts)
-objective rep: with the quotations to show sympathy for the kid which wont make it objective however the rest of it is Objective. Also the headline isn't criticising it too much since its labour, but it still is more objective. This also shows centre left political bias.
-national and global current affairs: Syria and the murder, vodafone story and the care homes to be used for asylum seekers
-Objective based: health boss killing is more objective with telling fact rather than focusing on how the killer looks ' hot assassin' from the DM. The positive representations of the asylum seekers that they are going to be provided a place to stay.
Analysis:
The events and issues are shown with the various subheadings and also the main image. We are shown a more objectified based representations with more factual lexis, which is to be expected for the guardian. The selection of a diversity of ethnicity shows the diverse representations the guardian tries to achieve. The social groups are all working class which fits into the dominant group, this links with how the guardian even though its more liberal is still affected by the DG.
With the headline of 'hope and despair in Assad's 'human slaughterhouse' this is less objectified since the hope and despair is showing sympathy for these people. Them trying to free prisoners form the torture which is liked to the main image.
Also the objectified based news with the Uk suspending the Syrian asylum applications since the situation might change with Syria. This shows the values of the guardian with standing up for people and have the story shared in a way thats more factual and not necessarily victimising them. These are the issues and events representations in this newspaper, them selecting this side of the story shows a different light to these prisoners and why people fleeing their country.
Butler: in the sky box we have a homosexual representation with two men from the DM. and also the main image with gender performaty with Sara Sharif being a ten yr old but wearing makeup and dressed stereotypically.
Gilroy: demonising Syria with pursuing torturers but also goes against the white superiority with the Sara sherifs murder happening in the UK.
Hope and Despair headline and image show the inferiority of law and order in other countries.
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Wednesday 18th December 2024
Print News Question 1 Practise
L/O: To analyse the use of representations in Newspaper
Do Now:
- Codes and Conventions- expectations of the layout and genre of the form
- ML in print newspaper- shot type, layout, typography and lexis,
- Political context- Anything related to the politics at the time issues on events and situations
- Butler- performatiy of gender roles, heteronormativity, what is absent and what is there, gender trouble
- Gilroy- ethnicity and post colonialism, criminalised and black Atlantic, white western superiority
Q1 and Q4 theory
rep-
ML
political-
social
barthes-
semiology, connotations and denotations, signs that create myths which are naturalised.
the guardian:
image- negative 'down' downcast looking looking at paper
ML- establishing shot mid, eye level
colour- muted- loss of colour
blue- sad
gloomy
political context-
call for the general election from the prime minister
negative of sunak- critical of right winged gov
Barthes- denotation from image suggests connotations which critique the right winged gov. Signs- that the party are down and promotes the liberal views of the guardian, it naturalises the liberal views, patriarchal political power is naturalised.
Backdrop- is the home of the prime ministering UK politicians - connotation is power in the background. Juxtaposed foreground image of Sunak against powerful No.10.
Daily Express:
image/ ML- mid shot slight low angle, cropped to just the door
positive, and challenging the reader, mouth open suggest he is taking control of the situation.
Supports it since he's a hero, seen in the headline with 'fighting for our nations future' shows that he is ready to stand up and fight for the nation, it naturalises our right winged political party.
the black background makes his face brighter
explain theory
talk about rep
political context
Barthes apply
then next cover
Analyse the representations in relation to political contexts. Use Barthes theories around semiology in your answer.
Barthes talks about the study of signs and how signs are used to create meaning and myths through connotations which are from denotations which are then naturalised.
In the image of the guardian we can see and establishing mid shot which shows the time of when the general election happened from the prime minister Sunak. This image has a more muted colours with blues which suggests sadness and also him looking down in a way that seems downcast connotes that the party is going down. This shows a more negative representations of the right winged viewed government which shows the Guardians liberal viewpoints which are naturalised as well as the patriarchal political power. The backdrop is the home of the politicians and prime ministers of the UK which connotes the power in this background with the number 10 which is juxtaposed with the foreground with Sunak and him looking down. Barthes can be seen in the negative representations of Sunak in the image with the use of signs and connotations which naturalises more liberal viewpoints that the Guardian has which creates the myths that right winged politicians are big risk takers which can be seen in the lexis in the headline with ' big gamble'.
Whereas in the second cover, the image is the same but its now cropped to a mid shot. Him looking straight and talking connotes that he is in control and has power. This is a more positive representation of him which can be seen through the media language of the lexis in the headline ' I am fighting for our nation's future' this connotes that he is standing strong and will fight and stand up for our nation and naturalises right winged political views. The lexis 'our' shows a more personalised and direct approach with the audience which creates the myth that this is what the everyone wants. Barthes can be seen in the positive representations of the right winged cover which creates the myth that what Sunak is doing is good and we should support him, they are idolises him and making him seem like a 'hero' fighting for our nation. This naturalises right winged views and the patriarchal political power that can be seen in the image.
______________________________________________
Thursday 19th December 2024
Print News Question 2 Practice
L/O:To analyse the use of genre conventions in Newspapers
Do Now:
- explain theory then apply to the two sources then briefly conclude
- The Guardian, Daily mail or two different newspaper.
- Bathes- semiology, signs create meanings and myths through connotations and denotations which are then normalised.
- theoretical framework- ML,Rep, Industry, Audience (LIAR)
- judgement and conclusions- summarising your point in detail? decide which part you agree with, assert your points for each side.
use the bullet points to plan and its 15marks which means 25 minutes.
Question:
Genre- conventions change over time
Yes-
compact/ tabloid size (G), the masthead changed (G), political allegiance has developed- negative lexis, but shows values of the paper, sky box uses a pun tabloid style reveal liberal viewpoint (G), the germanys far right shows the criticism of the right winged against the far right (FT). Colour images- technology developed, colour in the masthead (G), subheading development of cover design (FT)
No-
FT the size remains, adverts are a traditional convention,
both feature hard news
Mast head and headline traditional serif font
Text to image ratio there is more text which is traditional broadsheet.
Plan:
explain the genre conventions of broadsheets have changed over time ( first paragraph)
genre conventions of broadsheets:
- hard news- focused on serious political, financial news, international news that is not sensationalised, (some features celebrities- due to increase in cultural focus on celebrities)
- text to image ratio there is more copy in the broadsheet newspapers, less images.
- serif font featured
- black and white used as traditional broadsheet newspaper, (this has developed to include more colours on the covers)
- size is double the size of a tabloid newspaper, (this has changed over time due to a decrease in readership and an attempt to save money)
- representations focus on the dominant group of society
Genre conventions are dynamic- they change over time to stay relevant.
How far do the sources demonstrate this?
The genre conventions of broadsheet newspaper are traditional hard news that talks about serious political, financial news and International news that are not sensationalised. The text to image ratio is more text than images and serif font. Black and white is very traditional and also the size being double a tabloid newspaper. Some of these conventions have changed over time but some have stayed the same.
In the Guardian the conventions that have stayed the same is the hard political and international news, text to image ratio. This can be seen with the image and the headline however in the sky box, the quote uses a pun in a more tabloid style which further shows the liberal ideologies; this shows that even though the conventions have stayed the same there are some small changed done to appeal to the audience. The text to image ratio has stayed the same with having more text than images which easily identifies it as a broadsheet. In the Financial Times have also kept the hard news that feature political and international news. There is a lot more text in the FT than in the Guardian but thats due to the size that the Guardian changed but the size of the Financial Times stayed the same.
The Guardian changed their size due to the decrease in readership and in order to save money, so they went for double the size of a tabloid to being the same size as a mid market tabloid. Other changed done for the Guardian is the masthead which has a blue box, colour as well has changed. The broadsheet for the both of them have more colour and moved on from being the traditional black and white since technology developed including the images as well. For the Financial Times you have the criticism of the Germany far right winged views which is in the subheading is showing that even though the Financial Times is slightly right winged they are still criticising the far right.
This concludes that even though genre conventions are dynamic some conventions have stayed the same to show the more traditional conventions but also to be easily recognised as a broadsheet newspaper.
11/9- Great start to your notes and a good use of terminology.
ReplyDelete19/9- great analysis here on the covers. T: 2: try to add a section that explains how the theory can be applied to the ML of the cover.
ReplyDelete26/9- Good start. T 2 You need to cover the other points that C&S state and apply each of these different points to both texts to evaluate the theory.
ReplyDelete2/10- Good comparison points made here. T: 6 include the wording of the question and link to distribution of newspapers. Also try to use more sophisticated language in your response.
ReplyDelete10/10- Really good points made on the areas you covered. T: 1 Concentrated news ownership supports a one dimensional view of British Culture through news. Mail supports this cultural context through its ownership model DMG, Guardian however critiques this cultural context as it reveals a wider less influenced model of news through the Scotts Trust. Theory: Curran and Seaton Media industries are capitalist & aim to increase concentration of ownership; leads to narrowing of opinions represented in the press, affecting plurality.
ReplyDelete6/11- Good use of examples, remember to keep to key analysis points not generalisations. T: 1. You need to ensure that you then cover the other elements of the theory.
ReplyDelete11/12 Great notes, keep these detailed with lots of examples to refer back to in revision
ReplyDelete19/12- Good coverage of all areas.
ReplyDelete